Memory and its disorders

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  • Fujii Toshikatsu
    Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine.

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  • 記憶とその障害

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Memory can be divided into several types, although all of them involve three successive processes : encoding, storage, and retrieval. In terms of the duration of retention, neurologists classify memory into immediate, recent, and remote memories, whereas psychologists classify memory into short-term and long-term memories. In terms of the content, episodic, semantic, and procedural memories are considered to be different types of memory. Furthermore, researchers on memory have proposed relatively new concepts of memory, i. e., working memory and prospective memory. This article first provides explanations for these several types of memory. Next, neuropsychological characteristics of amnesic syndrome are briefly outlined. Finally, how several different types of memory are affected (or preserved) in patients with amnesic syndrome is described.

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