High-yielding Production Technique of Spray-Type Chrysanthemum Cut Flowers Corresponding to the Bouquet Processing Demand

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  • 花束加工需要に対応したスプレーギクの多収生産技術
  • ハナタバ カコウ ジュヨウ ニ タイオウ シタ スプレーギク ノ タシュウセイサン ギジュツ

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Abstract

<p>In recent years, the need for cut flowers of spray-type chrysanthemums of approximately 70 cm in stem length, referred to as “eco-mum”, has been increasing to meet the bouquet processing demand from mass retailers. We examined the production technique for supplying “eco-mum” throughout the whole year. The target yield was 240,000 flowers per 10 a using direct cutting cultivation and harvesting four times a year. we investigated efficient production conditions: suitable cultivar selection, planting style, and the effects of dwarfing-agent treatments on the cut flower weight. Firstly, we selected suitable cultivars that can be harvested within 80 days for target achievement. As a result, among the autumn flowering chrysanthemum cultivars, ‘Celebrate’ and ‘Pisan’ were selected for their elongation ability, early flowering ability, and uniformity in growth and flowering. However, for harvesting in September, the high temperature period, it was necessary to use summer-to-autumn flowering types such as ‘Southern-Pegasus’ with a high temperature flowering ability. Secondly, we examined the effects of the planting style and density from 40,000 to 60,000 nursery plantlets per 10 a, including the aisle width, on the weight and number of flowers. As a result, although the weights of cut flowers were reduced when the planting number increased, the uniformity of the cut flower weight was improved by increasing the planting density of the aisle side. Thirdly, we investigated the effects of dwarfing-agent treatments on increasing the weight of cut flowers. In the greenhouse planted with 73,333 nursery plantlets per 10 a, the weights of cut flowers were increased significantly by applying a dwarfing-agent two times after turning the lights off. Combining these techniques, including the use of suitable cultivars, harvesting more than 60,000 cut flowers of “eco-mum” was possible, which is a 20–30-g weight at 70 cm in length (35 cm de-leaf) on 80-day cultivation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that it was possible to harvest 240,000 “eco-mum” flowers per 10 a harvesting four times a year, which corresponds to twice the yield using conventional cultivation.</p>

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