Factor Structure of a Japanese Version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI)

Shimojima Yumi, Sato Koichi, Ochi Keita

doi:10.2132/personality.21.74

Lewin (1951) defined time perspective as “the totality of the individual's views of his psychological future and his psychological past existing in a given time.” This study developed a Japanese version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), which measures individual differences in time perspectives. A Japanese translation of the ZTPI was administered to 748 college students. Five factors (past-positive, past-negative, present hedonistic, present fatalistic, and future) were extracted through explanatory maximum likelihood solution factor analysis (using promax-rotation). The accumulation contribution was 37.0%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the integrity of fit indexes were CFI=.681, GFI=.829, AGFI=.810, RMSEA=.057, and AIC=3125.726. The alpha coefficients ranged from .65 to .76, and the test-retest reliability ranged from .63 to .78 (p<.05). The “present hedonistic” factor in the Japanese version had strong implications for “excitement–seeking,” in comparison with the original inventory. Moreover, a connection of the present and the future was also suggested. This Japanese version of the ZPTI, after further examination of its validity, should facilitate international comparative research.

Factor Structure of a Japanese Version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI)

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