Irradiation System for HIMAC

DOI NDLデジタルコレクション PDF Web Site 被引用文献33件 参考文献57件
  • TORIKOSHI Masami
    Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
  • MINOHARA Shinichi
    Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
  • KANEMATSU Nobuyuki
    Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
  • KOMORI Masataka
    Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
  • KANAZAWA Mitsukata
    Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
  • NODA Koji
    Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
  • MIYAHARA Nobuyuki
    Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
  • ITOH Hiroko
    Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
  • ENDO Masahiro
    Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
  • KANAI Tatsuaki
    Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences

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Clinical trials of carbon radiotherapy started at HIMAC in 1994 using three treatment rooms and four beam ports, two horizontal and two vertical. The broad beam method was adopted to make a three-dimensionally uniform field at an isocenter. A spot beam extracted from an accelerator was laterally spread out by using a pair of wobbler magnets and a scatterer. A bar ridge filter modulated the beam energy to obtain the spread out Bragg peak (SOBP). The SOBP was designed to be flat in terms of the biological dose based on the consideration that the field consisted of various beams with different LET. Finally, the field of 20 cm in diameter with ± 2.5% uniformity was formed at the isocenter. The width of the maximum SOBP was 15 cm. When treating the lung or liver, organs that move due to breathing, the beam was irradiated only during the expiration period in a respiration-gated irradiation method. This reduced the treatment margin of the moving target. In order to prevent normal tissues adjacent to the target volume from irradiation by an unwanted dose, a layer-stacking method was developed. In this method, thin SOBP layers which have different ranges were piled up step by step from the distal end to the entrance of the target volume. At the same time, a multi-leaf collimator was used to change the aperture shape to match the shape of each layer to the cross-sectional shape of the target. This method has been applied to rather large volume cancers including bone and soft-tissue cancers. Only a few serious problems in the irradiation systems have been encountered since the beginning of the clinical trials. Overall the systems have been working stably and reliably.<br>

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