Thoracic Outlet Syndromes

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Abstract

Thoracic outlet syndrome is a complex and controversial entity. We describe one form, the "true" thoracic outlet syndrome, which results from compression of the lower brachial plexus by a medial scalene compressive band. It occurs in patients with a cervical rib or prominent C7 transverse process ; this syndrome is characterized by sensory symptoms and muscle atrophy in the affected limb, and may be diagnosed electrically. The indications for the results of surgery are welldefined. Other forms of thoracic outlet syndrome have been described. These include post-traumatic and vascular forms of outlet syndrome, which are rare. The most controversial entity, "non-specific outlet syndrome" is characterized by sensory symptoms and a normal neurological exam ; there are no objective tests which can unequivocally diagnose this condition. The indications for surgery are poorly defined and controversial.

Journal

  • Spinal Surgery

    Spinal Surgery 13 (2), 83-90, 1999

    The Japanese Society of Spinal Surgery

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