The Challenge for Developing Employability and Skills in the UK : Focusing on Employers' Demand for Developing Skills

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  • イギリスにおける雇用可能性(employability)の開発とスキル向上政策 : 雇用主の必要とするスキル獲得に焦点を当てて
  • イギリス ニ オケル コヨウ カノウセイ employability ノ カイハツ ト スキル コウジョウ セイサク コヨウヌシ ノ ヒツヨウ ト スル スキル カクトク ニ ショウテン オ アテテ

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Abstract

Structural changes in the economy and labour market lead to substantial changes in the pattern of demand for skills. In recent decades, the skills gap has been a key issue of the education and training policy in the UK. This paper analyses New Labour's current policy agenda on employers' demand for skills, outlines the main developments and practices and discusses a perspective in this context. The government has attempted to find ways to raise the skill level and further develop employees' employability in the context of a high skill economy. In 2001, the government introduced Davies Review-the report for developing employability and enterprise skill in young people. The review places importance on personal attitude and disposition as employability. Due to this review, Enterprise Education is a statutory requirement since 2005, and pupils aged between 15 and 16 are entitled to a 5-day enterprise learning course. Evidence from surveys on current skill difficulties reveals that employers face difficulties in finding both generic and technical skills. The Skills Strategy, launched in 2003, delineates the direction of developing and providing skills. Through this analysis, the following conclusions were obtained. First, the generic skills will be increasingly important in the demand made by employers. However, there are some difficulties involved in both the provision of courses on generic skills and their assessment. Second, it has been clarified that there is a gap between learners' interest and employers' needs. It may be argued that these are the difficulties of developing skills in ways that relate directly to business needs, not individual needs.

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