Comparison of Potentials of Higher Plants for Phytoremediation of Radioactive Cesium from Contaminated Soil

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  • TAMAOKI Masanori
    Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
  • YABE Tohru
    Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies
  • FURUKAWA Jun
    Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
  • WATANABE Mirai
    Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies
  • IKEDA Kosuke
    Biotechnology & Afforestation Business Division, TOYOTA Motor Corporation
  • YASUTANI Izumi
    Biotechnology & Afforestation Business Division, TOYOTA Motor Corporation
  • NISHIZAWA Toru
    Faculty of Education and Regional Studies, University of Fukui

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Sixteen plant species were tested for their potential to remove radioactive cesium from contaminated soil with the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. There was a large difference of transfer factor (TF) of radiocesium (137Cs) from the soil to plants. Among the examined plants, Hollyhock belonging to Malvaceae showed the highest TF but the efficiency of phytoremediation, such as total 137Cs absorption of a plant or 137Cs removal from unit area, was not proportionally high. According to the evaluation criteria (uptake of 137Cs per plant and/or area), Kochia was shown to be the best plant species among 16 plants investigated here. Analysis of correlation showed that there was positive relationship between the total 137Cs absorption and plant biomass, and contribution rate of plant biomass in total 137Cs uptake by plant was scored to be 91.3%. These results indicate that selection of plant species that shows high biomass on site is important for 137Cs-targeted phytoremediation rather than the plants’ ability in 137Cs-uptake. On the other hand, our results also suggested that the TF value should be considered in order to evaluate the plant ability for 137Cs-targeted phytoremediation. From this point of view, the present study suggests that field-grown Kochia could be used as a potential candidate plant for phytoremediation of 137Cs from soil.

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