Mortality factors of overwintering larvae of the nymphalid butterfly, Sasakia charonda (Hewitson) in Mooka City, Tochigi Prefecture

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  • KOBAYASHI Takato
    Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University:(Present office)Oomurasaki Natural Park
  • INAIZUMI Mitsumaru
    Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University

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Other Title
  • 栃木県真岡市におけるオオムラサキ幼虫の越冬期の死亡要因
  • Mortality factors of overwintering larvae of the numphalid butterfly, Sasakia charonda(Hewitson) in Mooka City, Tochigi Prefecture

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Abstract

To understand the mortality rates and associated factors of overwintering larvae of the nymphalid butterfly, Sasakia charonda, we counted the number of dead larvae in the following categories of plots on the floor of a coppice from late November to the end of March; plots covered with mesh nets to prevent predation by natural enemies, a plot where fishing sinkers were put on dead leaves used as an overwintering site by larvae to prevent the leaves from being moved by any physical factors such as wind, and a control plot. To estimate the moving distance of dead leaves used by overwintering larvae, we put lead sinkers of the equivalent weight of one, two, or three larvae on dead leaves, which were marked on one side with paint, and set on the floor of the coppice in late November. Then the distance the dead leaves moved was measured at the end of March in the following year. To reveal the cold hardiness of the larvae during the first half of the overwintering season, the larval survival rates when the rearing temperature was lowered from 5℃ to 0℃, -5℃ and -10℃, gradually or rapidly, were investigated. To estimate the effects of frequency of water supply to the dead leaves used by larvae on larval survival, the survival rates were researched by varying the water supply, i.e. supplying water every day, once in four days, seven days, fifteen days, thirty days, or not at all. From these results, we examined the mortality factors of the larvae of S. charonda during overwintering.

Journal

  • Lepidoptera Science

    Lepidoptera Science 54 (1), 20-30, 2003

    THE LEPIDOPTEROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

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