Effects of Changes in Meteorological Conditions on Lake Evaporation, Water Temperature, and Heat Budget in a Deep Lake

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  • 気象変化が深い湖の湖面蒸発量，水温，熱収支に及ぼす影響
  • 気象変化が深い湖の湖面蒸発量,水温,熱収支に及ぼす影響--鹿児島県池田湖の事例
  • キショウ ヘンカ ガ フカイ ミズウミ ノ コメン ジョウハツリョウ スイオン ネツ シュウシ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ カゴシマケン イケダコ ノ ジレイ
  • ― 鹿児島県池田湖の事例 ―
  • — A case study of Lake Ikeda, Kagoshima prefecture —

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To reveal effects of changes in meteorological conditions on lake evaporation, water temperature, and heat budget in a deep lake, sensitivity analyses have been performed for Lake Ikeda, Kagoshima prefecture. In the study, the sensitivities of three aspects to the 10%-increased solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were estimated based on numerical calculations for 1981-2005 with the verified one-dimensional mathematical model that computes thermal transfer in the lake. The results demonstrated that the meteorological component which gives the largest evaporation-promoting effect was solar radiation and the component which brings the largest lake-heating was air temperature. When solar radiation was increased, the vapor pressure difference between lake-surface and atmosphere was increased and the atmospheric stability was decreased, which present the desirable condition for evaporation. Air temperature being higher, the lake-surface was intensively heated by increased atmospheric radiation. As for the humidity case, lake evaporation was decreased in any season due to decrease in vapor pressure difference. Although rise in water temperature was caused by decrease in latent heat, it was inhibited with cooling by sensible heat. Wind being up, water temperature was fallen at the lake-surface and risen around the 20 m depth by vertical thermal mixing effect. The mixing effect prevented from releasing heat to atmosphere, resulting in the secondary large lake-heating but smaller than air temperature case.

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