Reforming of biogas using electrochemical cell

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  • HIRATA Yoshihiro
    Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Kagoshima University
  • MATSUNAGA Naoki
    Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Kagoshima University
  • SAMESHIMA Soichiro
    Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Kagoshima University

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This review reports the recent research results of solid oxide fuel cells using biogas (typical composition, 60% CH4–40% CO2), reforming of CH4 with CO2 (CH4 + CO2 → 2CO + 2H2) and shift reaction of CO with H2O (CO + H2O → H2 + CO2). Solid oxide fuel cells using dense yttria-stabilized zirconia and gadolinium-doped ceria electrolytes were operated with biogas containing CH4 of 7–63 vol % at 630–875°C. A maximum power density of 20–160 mW/cm2 was measured and this value was 1/10–1/3 of that for the cells with a H2 fuel. The reforming of CH4 with CO2 proceeds over a Ni-based catalyst at 700–900°C to produce a H2–CO fuel. The carbon deposition due to the pyrolysis of CH4 as a parallel reaction is suppressed by addition of second phase such as K2O or Ru to Ni catalyst. Electrochemical reforming of CH4 with CO2 using a porous Gd-doped ceria (GDC) cell is an attractive process to produce a H2–CO fuel at 400–800°C. The supplied CO2 is changed to CO and O2− ions by the reaction with electrons at the cathode (CO2 + 2e− → CO + O2−). The produced CO and O2− ions are transported to the anode through a porous mixed conductor GDC film. In the anode CH4 reacts with O2− ions to produce CO, H2 and electrons (CH4 + O2− → CO + 2H2 + 2e−). This process suppresses the carbon deposition from CH4. Ni in the anode accelerated the pyrolysis of CH4 but Ru promoted the oxidation of CH4 with transported O2− ions. Ni and Ru in the cathode worked well to change CO2 to CO plus O2−. Furthermore, shift reaction of reformed gas with H2O vapor proceeded to produce a H2 fuel using a porous GDC electrochemical cell with Co2O3 catalyst at 400–500°C.

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