A hand-made model for embryological instruction of the branchial cartilages

DOI
  • Arima Yosuke
    Division of Oral Health Sciences Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
  • Honda Hiromi
    Division of Oral Health Sciences Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
  • Hirose Kumiko
    Division of Oral Health Sciences Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
  • Shimoe Saiji
    Division of Oral Health Sciences Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
  • Satoda Takahiro
    Division of Oral Health Sciences Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences

Bibliographic Information

Other Title
  • 鰓弓軟骨発生模型の製作

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Description

The development of the head and neck skeletons is so complicated. In all vertebrates, the skeletons of the head and neck are made up of the chondrocranium, the sensory capsules, the membrane bone and the viscerocranium. In mammals, the chondrocranium ossifies to form the bone of the skull base. Membrane bones form the roof of the skull. Membrane bones directly ossify from the mesenchyme. Viscerocranium support the pharyngeal arches. In humans, there are six pairs of pharyngeal arches which contain a pair of cartilages. The fifth arch forms as short-lived rudiment which promptly regresses. In primitive vertebrates, the first arch cartilage called Meckel's cartilage gives rise to the bones of the upper and lower jaws. The jaws of higher vertebrate, including humans, are formed almost entirely by intramembranous ossification, and the cartilages of the first arch give rise to the incus and malleus in the middle ear. The cartilages of the second arch called Reichert's cartilage give rise to the stapes, the styloid process of the temporal bone, stylohyoid ligament and lesser horn of the hyoid bone. The cartilages of the third arch give rise to the greater horn of the hyoid bone. The cartilages of the forth and sixth arch fuse to form the thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate and cuniform cartilages of the larynx.   This time, we made the model in order to demonstrate this complicated development. In this model, neurocranium, sensory capsules, viscerocranium and membrane bones painted in different colors respectively are placed on the board. The cartilages and bones are made of wood or paper clay, and disappearing or developing parts are detachable with the help of magnets. This model helps us to teach students the development of the branchial cartilages effectively.

Journal

  • Structure and Function

    Structure and Function 11 (1), 10-16, 2012

    Co-medical Research Society of Structure and Function

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