Restructuring the Relationship Between the Board of Education and the Superintendent : Discussion of Alternatives for Restructuring the Relationship

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  • 「素人」教育委員会と教育長の役割・権限関係の見直し : その論議と改革のオルタナティブ(<特集>地方自治における教育と政治)
  • 「素人」教育委員会と教育長の役割・権限関係の見直し : その論議と改革のオルクナティブ
  • 「 シロウト 」 キョウイク イインカイ ト キョウイクチョウ ノ ヤクワリ ・ ケンゲン カンケイ ノ ミナオシ : ソノ ロンギ ト カイカク ノ オルクナティブ

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Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine the problems of a board of education system through arranging the argument of authority-relationship between the board of education and the superintendent. In the U.S, the relationship between the board of education and the superintendent is clear because the role and authority of superintendent as the executive organ are defined by making the board of education into a legistative organ. But, in the case of Japan, since the board of education had been made into the executive organ, the difficult problem of how to distribute and adjust the authority between the "amateur" board of eduation and the "specialist" superintendent in an executive organ has been existed. The argument of the problem has continued from the time of the design of institutional arrangements to today. The "amateur" board of education is over-burdened with a heavy load of educational administration execution in the case of Japan compared to the case of the US because the "amateur" board of education cannot help restraining the activities short of office hours, special knowledge, etc. So, in the case of Japan, it is not avoided to distribute and adjust the authorities between the "amateur" board of education and the "specialist" superintendent in an executive organ. Although it is the issue that arises from the fact that the board of education has been made as an executive organ in Japan, it has become one of the most important issues in today's reform of board of education to restructure the relationship between the board of education and the superintendent. In this paper, I examine the main reform plans which try to restructure relationship of both by arranging the argument and the problems concerning the role and authority-relationship of both from the legislation process of the Board of Education Law to today.

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