Evaluation of genetic variation among rice local and modern varieties in Cambodia

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  • Chhourn Orn
    Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI), Phnom penh Cambodia, Phnom Penh Cambodia
  • Ishikawa Ryo
    Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
  • Sophany Sakhan
    Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI), Phnom penh Cambodia, Phnom Penh Cambodia
  • Makara Ouk
    Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI), Phnom penh Cambodia, Phnom Penh Cambodia
  • Ishii Takashige
    Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University

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Other Title
  • カンボジアのイネ在来品種と改良品種における遺伝的多様性の評価

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Abstract

Genetic variation among rice varieties in Cambodia was evaluated using 276 local and 60 modern varieties. The local varieties were collected more than 50 years ago, and they were classified into four groups (floating rice, rice in dry regions, common non-glutinous rice, glutinous rice). The modern varieties consisted of 35 domestic and 25 foreign lines. Their total DNA samples were extracted and analysed with 12 SSR markers across 12 rice chromosomes. Based on the gene diversity values, genetic variation within group was investigated. Similar levels of genetic variation were observed in four local variety groups, and the overall gene diversity value for 276 local varieties was 0.55. As for modern varieties, lower gene diversity value (0.46) was observed for 35 modern domestic varieties that were generated in Cambodia. The decrease of genetic variation in Cambodianorigin modern varieties may be due to the genetic reduction by modern plant breeding and the social condition changes. However, the overall gene diversity in 60 modern varieties (including 25 foreign varieties) was 0.61, indicating that the high level of genetic variation in Cambodian modern varieties has been maintained by the heterogeneous composition of domestic and foreign varieties. Genetic differentiation among four local and one domestic modern groups were evaluated based on Nei's genetic distances. The lowest value (0.09) was detected between non-glutinous rice and modern domestic groups, suggesting that modern domestic lines were mainly originated from local non-glutinous varieties. High genetic distance values (0.32-0.51) were observed between floating rice and other four. This suggests that deep-water ecosystem might have enhanced the specific diversification of floating rice varieties.

Journal

  • Journal of Crop Research

    Journal of Crop Research 59 (0), 37-41, 2014

    The Society of Crop Science and Breeding in Kinki, Japan

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