New Parties and Voting Behavior under the Predominant Party System in Japan

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  • 五五年体制下の新党現象と投票行動
  • 55ネン タイセイカ ノ シントウ ゲンショウ ト トウヒョウ コウドウ

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Under the reign of the Liberal Democratic Party (the LDP) in Japan, new parties have formed, made sensations and threatened the political power of the LDP. These parties include the Shin-Jiyuu-Club (the NLC) introduced in the 1976 general election, and Shinseito, Shinto Sakigake, and Nihon Shinto introduced in the 1993 general election. We want to explore the causes of the rise of these new parties. For this purpose, we analyzed JABISS, Meisuikyo, and JESII data, and compared the results.<br>In this article, we indicate that 1) The rise of the NLC in 1976 depended upon conservative voters in urban area. 2) On the other hand, the rise of the three new parties in 1993 was supported more broadly both socio-economically and ideologically. 3) A large ratio of the votes for the new parties were party-oriented despite the lack of support for these parties. 4) The success of these parties was due to citizens looking for political reform. Moreover, when we compared the new parties in 1993 each other, we saw that Nihon Shinto had the least candidate-oriented votes among them. This fact implies that Nihon Shinto was most favored in the new party sensations.

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