Reallocation strategy of semi-natural forest patches for conservation of <I>Quercus hondae</I> Makino, an endangered species

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  • 絶滅危惧種ハナガガシの個体群再生を目的とした森林タイプの再配置
  • ゼツメツ キグシュ ハナガガシ ノ コタイグン サイセイ オ モクテキ ト シタ シンリン タイプ ノ サイハイチ

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Abstract

The strategy of reallocating habitats for endangered species in degraded landscapes is a key target of landscape ecology. We examined the importance of seed source and topographic variation in reallocating semi-natural forests into conifer plantations from the perspective of Quercus hondae, an endangered tree species native to the warm-temperate zone in southern Japan. Q. hondae has short-distance seed dispersal and a strong dependence on micro-topography. Based on the field survey data in old growth semi-natural forests, expected tree densities of Q. hondae on the given sites was calculated for three cases with different constraints : Case-1) a constraint of the distance from semi-natural forest patches (seed-source distance), Case-2) constraints of seed-source distance and seed-source quality which varies with micro-topography of the semi-natural forest patches, and Case-3) constraints of seed-source distance, seed-source quality and habitat quality which varies with micro-topography of the target pixel (12.5m x 12.5m). Candidate reallocation sites were selected from pixels exhibiting high expected tree densities of Q.hondae to cover 30% of whole plantation area. As a result, the Case-3 adopting all three constraints exhibited improved connectivity of semi-natural forest patches. This might resulted from original connectivity of micro-topography, and indicated a secondary effect of micro-topography on the improvement of landscape functions. The conservation efficiency of each cases were compared by analyzing the relationship between reallocation area and expected tree establishment of Q. hondae, indicating the advantage of the Case-3 and Case-2 compared with Case-1 and random reallocation. Reallocation from pixels of low site productivity of conifer plantation showed the lower efficiency in requiring 10 times area of the Case-3 to achieve the same tree establishment. These results suggested an effectiveness of strategic reallocation of semi-natural forest patches based on ecological factors for conservation planning of the target species.

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