「宗教被害」と人権・自己決定をめぐる問題

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タイトル別名
  • Damage Suffered from "Cults" and the Rights of Self-decision
  • シュウキョウ ヒガイ ト ジンケン ジコ ケッテイ オ メグル モンダイ トウイツ キョウカイ カンレン ノ サイバン オ チュウシン ニ
  • The Case Study of the Suit of the Unification Church in Japan
  • 統一教会関連の裁判を中心に

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify how the right of self-decision, so-called secular ideology, came to intervene in the territory of the religious system, by describing the age and social circumstances of the "cult controversy" after the Aum criminal incidents and law suit of the Unification Church in Japan. The recent cult controversy is not confined to a specific religion and its violence. Rather, it is related to what extent secular society has approved the unusual recruitment and indoctrination conducted by some specific religions.<BR>Claims of those who suffered mind-controlled by cults can be considered to be the evaluation that the right of self-decision is violated, and it is a practical theory for exit counseling to pull out the believers of cults and return them to their families. Religious recruitment is conducted through the paternalistic idea that it is good for the recruited. The same is the case with an exit counseling in which counselors and families regard cult members as deceived and controlled. They focus on the violence of cults and violation of religious self-decision of ex-members. Conversely, those cults and members criticize such forced de-conversion. The suit filed by ex-members of the Unification Church in Japan can be considered a case claiming the restoration of self-decision.<BR>On June 29th, 2001 a judge decided that the Unification Church should compensate twenty ex-members for financial and psychological damages. The reason is that they were recruited and indoctrinated illegally, not disclosing the name and activities of the church and threatening them into being believers. This judgment was epoch-making in the point that it showed that legal intervention was possible in a religious problem. In addition it will have strong influence on religious orders and scholars of religion, shocked by the declaration that defines the position of contemporary religion as being subordinate to social order.

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