市民運動のトランズナショナルな連携の構造-各国反原発運動間のコミュニケーションの発展を中心に-

With the growth of intersocial interdependency and global mass communications, the interactions among a variety of non-governmental organizations across state boundaires are taking place remarkably in the contemporary world. And such a new type of citizens movements as environmentalists' protests and cosumers' actions emerged in Western industrialized societies since the late 1960's are not an exception of these transnational phenomena. This article is an attempt to characterize the pattern of transnational relations of the citizens movements, estimate their effects on the influence of the movements in their domestic and world politics, by means of analysing the transnational communications and other interactions among and between the movements opposing to nuclear power development in Western countries which is one of the most active citizens movements today.<br>In the first chapter, the framework for analysis is proposed, in which the significance of the level of interactions, the degree of their institutionalization is suggested. Then, the general pattern of the interactions among the anti-nuclear power movements is assumed in the light of the basic nature of these movements within the above framework. In the second chapter, the developmental process of the anti-nuclear power movements in Western countries including Japan and the formation of their communication networks across state boundaries is observed and analysed in the context of the increase of transnational activities of the contemporary citizens movements in general. The focus is on how mostly local groups of the movements have come to contact with their counterparts in foreign countries, and have developed universalistic and global perspectives on the issue through their transnational exchange of informations and persons. The implications of the joint actions by multi-national demonstrators across the state borders of Western Europian countries is particularly noted.<br>The next chapter deals with the case of transnational contacts and communications between the anti-nuclear power movement in Whyl in West Germany and the American grass-roots groups in New England which are known as their mass direct action in 1973, in order to elaborate structural characteristics of the transnational interactions and their impact on the movements themselves. Finally, the conclusions in the last chapter drawn from the foregoing analysis and the case study can be summerized as follows:<br>The transnational interactions of the anti-nuclear power movements is characterized as the exchange of informations and persons between or among equal and independent organizations with common goals for mutual supporting and more effective political actions. There is no such an international center of the movement that controlls or manipulates the communications. The transnational communications and contacts are performed at two different levels. One is the communications between or among the national organizations of the movement of each country which mostly have well-organized domestic communication networks for affiliated local groups. What are transmitted at this level of communications include the technical informations on safety and economy of nuclear power plants, the ideas for energy saving life style and alternative energy sources, and the reports on the situations the movements face in many countries by means of regular exchange of periodicals and newsletters as well as personal contacts at international conferences of the movement.<br>The transnational communications at the other level are the direct contacts and exchange of informations between local groups in different countries. Some of these are initiated by the national organizations, while some others are started through incidental personal contacts. The communications at this level are more action-oriented, in which detailed reports on activities of many groups, informations on the moves of their opponent forces, messages of solid