The Communist Bloc as an international political phenomenon collapsed when the Soviet Union vanished in December 1991. It may be clear that the idea of socialism did not work effectively in the world of real politics. But there are many people in Japan who hesitate to state that the spirit of capitalism or capitalism modernization had gained the final victory in human life because human beings have been suffering from public hazards and environmental pollution which are considered as the result of the rapid development of capitalism moderniization. Additionally, the query on the meaning of the “state” or “nation” has been still at issue.<br>As it is well-known, Karl Marx proposed the idea of socialism in opposition to captalism and the “state”. From the sense of political science, Marx might be an utopian as most of originators of new thought had been. Marx regarded “society” as an ideal existence, realizing the spirit of the common law. Then, Lenin, temporarily, connected this idea of “society” with “the advanced guard of the proletarian class”, though he did not clarify “one party rule”. After that, Stalin replaced the advanced guard of the proletarian class with the sole leading party of the state. Thus the notorious nationalization of the party commenced. This phenomenon should be contraty to the idea of Marx, though he might have some responsibility with this transformation or change.<br>The most important thing to consider today should be to clarify the process and political phenomena in communist countries whereby Stalin could succeed in nationalizing the party. It may be possible to explain this with the rule of movement in political power, or as the immaturity of politics in Russia. Here, however, I would like to explain this considering the pressure of international politics. It might be irrational if a social scientist were to neglect the important influence of international circumstances on these developments. In the period of Lenin there was the menace of Imperialism surrounding the new-born state, and in the period of Stalin there was the fear from Fascist countries, though Stalin's response to them might be regarded as more than a little morbid. Also it may be unfair to blame the barracks communism of Mao Tse-tung without discussing the pressure from Japan and, later, the United States of America. Of course, we had better not attribute every cause to international circumstances. Perhaps external influence suould appear connected with some internal elements. So we must analyze the complicated relations of external and internal mutual influence. Still in the period of 20 Century the external elements have become greater and greater. From that point of view, I will compare the common phases of nationalization of the parties in Russian and East European countries and those in Asian countries, though their internal conditions are quite different.