The ordinary phase of World War II ended in Asia with the triumph of the Allies over Japan. Among many countries in Asia, the triumph of Vietnam was unique. Its reasons are the following.<br>(1) Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia were French colonies and French rule was very severe.<br>(2) Vietnam was occupied by France and Japan from the invasion of the Japanese army in the winter of 1940 to the coup on March 3, 1945. It was a so called “double occupation”.<br>(3) After that coup, Japan gave independence to Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. Of course, they were puppet governments of Japan. But it is true that the French role disappeared.<br>(4) The resistance groups against the double occupation had made a united front under the Viet-Minh (Vietnamese Independence League). A famous leader of this independent movement was Ho Chi Minh who had established the Indochina Communist Party in 1930.<br>(5) When Japan was defeated in August 1945, the Viet-Minh disarmed the Japanese army and seized political power. The Allies had not arrived in Vietnam yet.<br>(6) The Allies especially France insisted that they had won, so France had a right to come back to Vietnam. But on the other hand, the Viet-Minh insisted on their triumph over Japan. Therefore they called the end of the World War II in Vietnam the “August Revolution”.<br>The formation of order after the “August Revolution” was as complicated as the end of the war. The Viet-Minh regime asked the United States, the United Kingdom, France and the Republic of China to recognize independence. But U. S. A. had forgotten Roosevelt's trusteeship plan of Indochina at that time. DeGaulle proclaimed the French were returning to Indochina. W. Churchill did not recognize the Viet-Minh's independence at all. Chiang Kai-shek wanted to make a pro-Chinese government in north Vietnam. Y. Stalin was not much concerned with the status of Vietnam.<br>On the one hand Ho Chi Minh's government (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) attempted to construct the new state, on the other it opposed reaggression of the French army with negotiations, because Ho Chi Minh expected generosity from the French government which was organized by his old friends. In the fall of 1946, clashes between the Viet-Minh army and the French army spread over the northern part of Vietnam. At the end of 1946, leaders of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam were determinded to fight with France again. The Indochina War broke out.