小学校高学年の体育授業における短距離走の学習指導プログラムの効果

鈴木 康介, 友添 秀則, 吉永 武史, 梶 将徳

doi:10.7219/jjses.36.1_1

The purpose of this study was to look at the effects of instructional program to improve the sprint skills of upper grade children in elementary school by instruction to get children to acquire the rational sprint movement at the full speed phase in Physical Education classes. Participants were 34 children (20 boys and 14 girls) in 6^th grade and they attended 8 unit hour lessons of sprint. The first half of the unit plan was mainly for acquiring and fixing basic skills of sprint and the last half was mainly for improving their sprint skills moreover by problem based learning. Additionally, they got involved in game like activities in every latter half of daily lessons to make them motivated to run at full speed and feel fun and pleasure. The intention of these learning activities was mainly to improve their posture and lower limb movements to run effectively. In order to look at the effects of the program, sprint time, sprint speed (20m-40m), maximal speed, decline rate of speed, and sprint form in 50m sprint were analyzed. The main findings are summarized as follows:1. The result of formative evaluation shows that the lessons were acceptable for children and made them motivated in learning activities and realize learning outcomes by themselves.2. As to all children (n=31), their lower limb movements score, sprint time, sprint speed (20m-40m), maximal speed and decline rate of speed were improved significantly. So the teaching materials developed in this study were effective to get children to improve their sprint skills.3. The result of analyses about each skill based groups shows that high-skilled (n=10) and middle-skilled (n=11) children had been able to reach maximal speed faster than before lessons and to maintain the speed by improving lower limb movements.4. As to low-skilled children (n=10), it suggests that they had been able to accelerate smoothly and to have speed decline modest like as high-skilled or middle-skilled group by improving whole form of sprint including “the part of the foot contact”.These results suggest that the instructional program in this study was effective to improve children’s sprint skills. But it needs to consider about instruction for improving the scissors-like leg movement and upper limb movements to improve their sprint skills moreover.

<b>小学校高学年の体育授業における短距離走の学習指導プログラムの効果 </b>

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