War and Political Theory

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  • 戦争と政治理論
  • 戦争と政治理論--平和の政治理論の構築に向けた正戦論批判
  • センソウ ト セイジ リロン ヘイワ ノ セイジ リロン ノ コウチク ニ ムケタ セイセンロン ヒハン
  • ―平和の政治理論の構築に向けた正戦論批判―
  • Criticizing Just War Theory in search of a Political Theory of Peace

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Today, we are no longer satisfied with merely ideological justification of war. Instead, we want theory that enables us to think about it more critically. This article aims to show what problems political theory has in order to meet this need by assessing just war theory, which is used most frequently by political theorists to argue about war. Because the most problematic aspect of modern war is its inevitableness of causing deaths of civilians, this article focuses on two issues: 1) the theoretical foundation of “noncombatant immunity principle” and 2) the validity of “double effect principle”. With regard to the first, it examines arguments advanced by A. J. Coates and H. Shue, and to the second, it explores accounts of J. P. Sterba and H. Shue. As a consequence, this article argues that just war theory demands a stricter set of criteria for justifiable war than usually understood and its strictness mainly comes from the priority of “jus ad bellum” over “jus in bello” because the former belongs to the political process, the latter to the military process. Finally this article points out that just war theory deals only with the decision-making phase of the political process, and that political theory in general ought to cover the entire policy-making phase: political theory ought to take into consideration the outcomes of policy-oriented studies, in particular security studies and peace researches.

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