Evaluation of Pathogenicity of Candida albicans in Germination- ready States Using a Silkworm Infection Model

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  • Matsumoto Haruhito
    Department of Functional Bioscience, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
  • Nagao Jun-ichi
    Department of Functional Bioscience, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
  • Cho Tamaki
    Department of Functional Bioscience, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
  • Kodama Jun
    Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan

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  • Evaluation of Pathogenicity of <i>Candida albicans</i> in Germination- ready States Using a Silkworm Infection Model

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We previously developed an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) medium which induces Candida albicans to undergo a yeast-to-hyphal transition through a cAMP-PKA pathway. Microarray analysis demonstrated that 18 genes, including ALS3 that encodes a cell wall adhesion, were upregulated by 30-min incubation of yeast cells at 37°C in the GlcNAc medium. To investigate the differences between morphological transition and morphotype in C. albicans as a consequence of infection, this study utilized a silkworm infection model as an invertebrate mini-host. We prepared 3 different conditions of C. albicans cells in vitro by changing the incubation times in the GlcNAc medium: yeast-form cells at 0 min (Y0 cells), yeast-form cells in germination-ready state at 60 min (Y60 cells), and hyphal cells at 120 min (H120 cells), and compared their pathogenicities. We performed the infection study at various temperatures to find temperature-dependent virulence factors in vivo. Y60 cells in germination-ready state in the GlcNAc medium showed higher pathogenicity in vivo compared to Y0 and H120 cells at 30°C. Y60 cells proliferated in silkworms 24 h post-injection at 30°C, whereas the other 2 cell types did not. In vitro analysis demonstrated that Y60 cells, but not Y0 cells, germinated in the silkworm hemolymph at 30°C. However, Y0 and Y60 cells showed a similar degree of germination in the silkworm hemolymph at 37°C, although no significant difference in silkworm survival after infection with each cell type was observed at 37°C. These results suggested that the germination-ready state induced by the GlcNAc medium contributed to virulence in the silkworm.

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