教育社会学の性格

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タイトル別名
  • Trend and Nature of Educational Sociology
  • 教育社会学の性格--その動向と体系
  • キョウイク シャカイガク ノ セイカク ソノ ドウコウ ト タイケイ
  • その動向と体系

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抄録

This article discusses the trend and nature of educational sociology by an analysis of the four concepts composing the word, Kyoiku-shakaigaku, a Japanese term equivalent to English, educational sociology. They are (1) kyoiku (education), (2) shakai (society), (3) shakaigaku (sociology), and (4) gaku (science or discipline)<BR>(1) In contrast to traditional pedagogy, the subject of educational sociology is the broadest concept of kyoiku (education). Here education refers to not only deliberate and formal but also indeliberate and informal education. Thus out-of-school as well as school education, and andragogy as well as pedagogy are studied by educational sociology. This is relevant especially in this age of life-long education.<BR>(2) Educational sociology has two main fields of study, namely “education as society” and “education in society”. The former takes education as a social system or a social fact, analyzing its social structure or process. The typical subfields are sociology of school, of class-room, and of teachers. Education in society, or relation between education and society, is further classified into the two subfields, viz. “from society to education”, or social determinants of education, and “from education to society”, or social function of education. There were a great deal of achievements in the former, such as the influences of social class or informal group upon educational opportunities or learning, but in recent years, much has been done in the latter, e.g. the role of education in social development, unity or change, especially dysfunction or pathology of education like conflicts or unemployment produced by school explosion.<BR>(3) Educational sociology studies education sociologically. There has been a tendency from micro- to macro-sociology of education and towards more international and interdisciplinary studies, with fresh interests in such fields as higher education, educational bureaucracy, educational planning, economics of education and politics of education.<BR>(4) Finally educational sociology should be recognized as an established field of science. In order to achieve the autonomy and prestige, this discipline has defined itself as a sociology of education. And it has studied university as a new subject, whose function is scientific research as well as education, so that sociology of science is closely related and should be cooperated with sociology of education.

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