スポーツ化とグローバル化

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タイトル別名
  • Sportization and Globalization
  • スポーツカ ト グローバルカ プロセス シャカイガク ノ パースペクティブ
  • A Process-sociological Perspective
  • プロセス社会学のパースペクティブ

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This paper analizes the global sport processes from Process Sociological Perspective. Sociologists must seek to explain how the present pattern of global sport has emerged out of the past and is connected with arrange of civilizational struggles. The concept Globalization refers to the growing network of interdependencies, political, economic, cultural and social, that bind human beings together.<br>It is important to mention where the modern sport comes from and when it first emerged. In making sense of early phases of global sport processes four keypoints need to be grasped:<br>(1) very long term structured processes were involved; (2)there was a varying balance of centripetal and centrifugal forces involved in the developing chains of interdependence; (3) there is a need to examine the changing balance of power between different groups and institutions; (4) there is a need to avoid both natio-centrism and Euro-centrism and view the emergent European sport structures in the context of wider, and increasingly global network of interdependencies.<br>The global sport processes may be divided into 5 phases, and the three most recent phases are characterized as follows. The third sportization phase, late 19th and early 20th century, is characterized that international orgnizations and sport rules were established, and international mega events unfold. In the forthphase, from the 1920s to the late 1960s, sport culture with the strong notion of Western core diffused to non-Western world, while the resistance of non-Western culture towards the West was observed. This phase of global sportization also witnessed the slow decline of modern sport's founding nation.<br>The fifth global sportization phase, beginning in the late 1960's, witnessed that the media sport procuction complex markets ‘sameness’-especially in the form of American sports- and the global political economy that regulates global flows ensure that the ‘local’ does not freely choose which cultural products are consumed. On the other hand, this phase's sportization involves the creolization of sport cultures, and the control of international sport organizations and the Olympic movement is beginning to slip out of the exclusive hands of the West.

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