Multimodal imaging from Infancy to adolescence illustrating typical and atypical brain development

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  • 定型および非定型の脳の発達に対するマルチモーグル脳画像研究～乳児期から思春期へ
  • テイケイ オヨビ ヒテイケイ ノ ノウ ノ ハッタツ ニ タイスル マルチモーグル ノウ ガゾウ ケンキュウ : ニュウジキ カラ シシュンキ エ

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Abstract

To present the brain bio - signatures of typical and atypical development across infancy to adolescence using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) , a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) . 　Dr. Koyama talked about the short - term effect of auditory exposure on resting - state functional connectivity and its relevance to emerging behaviors in 6-month- old typically developing infants. Understanding experience- induced plasticity during early infancy offers a future platform for clinical research in studying the brain- environment interface from birth. 　Dr. Choiʼs DTI studies illustrated the impact of the emotional maltreatment such as parental verbal abuse and domestic violence on brain development in their young offspring. Work on trauma shows trauma type - specific sequelae on developing brain and its implication on development of psychopathology. Dr. Pavuluri showed macro - model of functional and structural brain bio - signatures of pediatric bipolar disorder using fMRI and DTI methods. This offered targets for brain - based personalized treatments in pediatric bipolar disorder. Studies on pediatric bipolar disorder unraveled six dynamic functional circuits in the domains of affect and cognition. Dr. Ishii-Takahashi demonstrated the long- term effects of methylphenidate on brain function of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school- aged children using the NIRS. NIRS study in ADHD showed that long administration of MPH might be change brain function in children with ADHD even in the drug free. 　In sum, these findings demonstrate how environment shapes brain function, and how illness trajectory involves deviation from normal course. The promise of plasticity and brain- based target discovery in very early stages of development offer promise for prevention and early intervention in the vulnerable pediatric population.

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