Reorganization of the Regional Transportation System under Government Regulation of Transport

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  • 三重県における戦時交通統制と地域交通体系の再編成
  • ミエケン ニ オケル センジ コウツウ トウセイ ト チイキ コウツウ タイケ

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Abstract

During the Second World War, many small local railway companies were consolidated into big private companies under government regulation of transport in various parts of Japan. The author classifies these consolidations into three types: policy consolidation, capital consolidation, and functional consolidation. This study emphasizes functonal consolidation and gives a detailed description of the reorganization of the regional transportation system which was conducted by big private railway companies. The case of Mie prefecture is discussed, and can be summarized as follows:<br> 1. Most of the local railways which connected with the lines of Japan National Railway (JNR) went into the financial difficulties by the early 1930s because of the opening of rival lines. The stockholders living along their railways began to part with their profitless shares (Table 1).<br> 2. Ise Electric Railway Company (Iseden), which was absorbed by Sankyu in 1936, reorganized the regional transportation system in Yokkaichi from the 1920s to the 1930s. First, capital consolidation of local railways was conducted. Second, those local railway lines which had been derived from JNR lines became part of Iseden line (Fig. 5). This functional consolidation preceded a reorganization in Mie prefecture.<br> 3. Sangu Kyuko Electric Railway Company (Sankyu), the forerunner of Kankyu, began to consolidate local railways in Mie prefecture around 1928, along with the extension of their trunk line.<br> 4. Kansai Kyuko Railway Company (Kankyu), the forerunner of Kintetsu, took the leadership in government regulation of transportaion in Mie prefecture and planned to complete the consolidation there. The local railways companies in the financial difficulties which refused to be consolidated under the government regulation of transport were absorbed and consolidated by force during the Second World War.<br> 5. After the Second World War, Kinki Nippon Railway Company (Kintetsu) reorganized its railway network based on the capital consolidation (Fig. 5, 6, 7). As a result Kintetsu replaced the JNR as the main system regional transportation (Fig. 8).

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