Neighbourhood Effect of Voting Behaviour in Urban Society

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  • 都市社会における投票行動の近隣効果
  • 都市社会における投票行動の近隣効果--1991年京都市議選の分析
  • トシ シャカイ ニ オケル トウヒョウ コウドウ ノ キンリン コウカ 199
  • 1991年京都市議選の分析
  • An Analysis of a 1991 Kyoto Municipal Election

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Most political scientists and sociologists have been explaining regional variations in aggregated patterns of voting behaviour based upon the ‘compositionalist standpoint’: a regional difference in the composition of social classes with different voting behaviour produces regional differences in aggregated voting patterns.<br> Many geographical studies in various countries, however, have found a number of regional variations that cannot be explained by compositional theory. These residuals are ascribed to regional contextual effect, or ‘neighbourhood effect’, the identification of which is one of the largest contributions in the history of electoral geography of the past 30 years.<br> Johnston et al. (1983) presented a framework to detect the neighbourhood effect in national level elections in UK. However, applications to elections on a smaller scale will be more suitable because the neighbourhood effect may be operating in micro scale areas such as urban small districts with diversity of residents and high population density. From the urban geographical point of view, the study of voting behaviour within a city will extract new structures different from traditional factorial ecology.<br> In this study, the 1991 Election of Kyoto City Council is investigated from the above viewpoint, to establish the following three propositions:<br> (1) Regional variations in class compositions are not large enough to explain regional variations of voting behaviour.<br> (2) ‘Voting behaviour by region’ varies only by region, and its regional patterns cannot be explained by the compositional model. Large residuals remain.<br> (3) ‘Voting behaviour by class and region’ also varies by region when class index is fixed, and its regional patterns resemble those of ‘voting behaviour by region’.<br> These three points are shown to be interrelated.

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