日本人における体細胞染色体の研究

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  • A study of the somatic chromosomes in the Japanese
  • ニホンジン ニ オケル タイサイボウ センショクタイ ノ ケンキュウ

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Information was obtained on the chromosome number and morphology in somatic cells which originated from a variety of organs of 41 different Japanese individuals. The greater part of the observation were carried out with cells in primary cultures established from various organs of 39 aborted embryos aged 2 to 7 months, which include 4 males, 3 females and 32 foetuses whose sex could not be determined by gross examination. Cells squashed directly from several organs of 6 fresh foetuses of unknown sex were also studied. The results, as shown in Table 1, indicate that regardless of sex, age, organ and culture medium, in almost all cases the somatic number of chromosomes was 46 with a small incidence of polyploidy. In a total of 433 cells in which exact counts were made, 428 cells (98.85%) showed the consistent value of 46. Rough counts were performed on 3048 cells of which 98.33 per cent had nearly 46 chromosomes.<br>Individual chromosomes were characterized by morphological analyses on the basis of their size and position of their centromeres. The autosomes showed no significant difference among cells from various organs of the same or of different individuals of both sexes. Also, there was no morphological difference among the X or Y chromosomes from various Organs of different individuals. No evidence for chromosomal polymorphism was found in the Japanese population here under consideration.<br>The X chromosome was recognized as one of the larger medium sized elements which approximately ranks between the 6th and 7th autosomal pairs in the descending order of size. The Y chromosome was recognized to be one of five smallest acrocentrics in the male complement. The recognition of the Y in somatic cells served to identify the sex of somatic cells of foetuses whose sex had not been determined by external features.

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