Embryogenesis and Etiology of Cleft lip and Cleft Palate

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  • 口唇裂・口蓋裂の発生機序と発生原因

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Cleft lip and cleft palate are the most common of all facial malformations, occurring in all racial and ethnic groups. Japanese is one of the population with highest incidences of cleft lip and cleft palate, although the reason is unknown.<BR>Recent concepts on the embryogenesis and etiology of these malformations have been reviewed. The etiology is heterogeneous, so the embryogenesis is complicated. It has been suggested that a cleft lip being a cleft of the primary palate may result from a failure of the fusion between the inferior parts of the medial and lateral nasal processes, while a cleft palate being a cleft of the secondary palate may be caused by a failure of the contact between two palatal shelves in general.<BR>Developments of cleft lip and cleft palate except their syndrome groups have been explained by a multifactorial/threshold model. The result of a family study on Japanese cleft lips with or without cleft palate and cleft palate alone well agreed with the prediction of multifactorial inheritance and the segregation analysis of their families showed that 84.6 % of sporadic cleft lip cases with or without cleft palate could not been explained by a simple recessive inheritance mode.<BR>A large number of environmental factors induce both cleft lip and cleft palate in experimental animals and maternal infection of rubella virus and use of steroids and antiepileptic drugs should be said attention in human beings.

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