Biodegradation of Various Surfactants in Seawater

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  • 海水における各種界面活性剤の生分解性
  • カイスイ ニ オケル カクシュ カイメン カッセイザイ ノ セイブンカイセイ

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The ultimate biodegradability and the biodegradation rate of various surfactants in seawater were evaluated with two test methods: one is in accordance with the OECD closed bottle method; the other is a coulometer method using an oxygen consumption measuring apparatus. Surfactants used for the biodegradation tests were linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS), alkylsulfate (AS), alkyl (oxyethylene) sulfate (AES), soap, alkylpoly (oxyethylene) ether (AE), alkyl polyglycoside (AG), and “ester-amide” tertiary amine salt (EAA). The surfactants tested were ultimately biodegraded by oxidation in seawater. The biodegradation rate was in the following order, AG>AES=AS=AE≥EAA>LAS=soap. The biodegradation rate of soap has often been reported to be fast in freshwater systems, but it was found in our study that its biodegradation rate in seawater was slow. It is suggested that the coulometer method is appropriate for the evaluation of ultimate biodegradation in seawater, since this method is virtually unaffected by adverse factors, in particular such as nitrification.

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