Survey on the Issues and the Changes of Oral Health Condition of Inpatients in the Intensive Care Unit

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  • OOKA Takafumi
    Division of Hygiene and Oral Health, Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry Showa University Oral Health Care Center
  • INOUE Yoshinori
    Division of Hygiene and Oral Health, Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry
  • ODA Nao
    Showa University Oral Health Care Center Dental Clinic of Showa University Hospital
  • OKAMATSU Yoshimasa
    Showa University Oral Health Care Center Dental Clinic of Showa University Hospital Division of Community Based Comprehensive Dentistry, Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry
  • ANDO Yuriko
    Showa University Oral Health Care Center Dental Clinic of Showa University Hospital Division of Community Based Comprehensive Dentistry, Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry
  • HIRONAKA Shoji
    Division of Hygiene and Oral Health, Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry Showa University Oral Health Care Center
  • MATSUURA Mitsuhiro
    Showa University Oral Health Care Center Dental Clinic at Showa University Karasuyama Hospital Division of Community Based Comprehensive Dentistry, Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry
  • SANO Haruo
    Showa University Oral Health Care Center Division of Community Based Comprehensive Dentistry, Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry
  • MUKAI Yoshiharu
    Division of Hygiene and Oral Health, Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry Showa University Oral Health Care Center

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The aim of this study was to consolidate oral health management systems in the acute stages. The practical status of oral health in perioperative patients and improvements achieved through coordinated oral health care were investigated. Subjects of the present study were 87 patients who underwent oral intubation in the intensive care unit (ICU). These patients attended an oral health care center from October 2010 to March 2011. Dentists rated the oral status of subjects within 24 h of admission to the ICU on a three-point scale by assessing the lips, teeth, mucous membrane, gingiva, tongue, and saliva. In addition, the number of Candida colonies detected on the tongue was noted at initial assessment. At initial assessment, 70% of participants with respiratory diseases were classified as having oral problems. However, few subjects showed presence of dental plaque or reported problems involving the mucous membrane. The proportion of Candida-positive participants was higher in those with respiratory diseases than those with cardiovascular diseases. When comparing the Candida-positive and -negative subjects, a greater proportion of the former had problems with the lips, saliva, mucous membrane, and tongue. With regard to the time-dependent changes recorded on these problems, improvement in the condition of the lips tended to occur earlier than the conditions of the tongue. As it has been suggested that maintaining a clean tongue can be critical in patients undergoing oral intubation, it is important to continue appropriate oral health care in the acute stages.

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