Gene Expression of Cancer Stem Cell in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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  • ISOBE Tomohide
    Department of Oral Pathology and Diagnosis, Showa University School of Dentistry
  • YAMAMOTO Gou
    Department of Oral Pathology and Diagnosis, Showa University School of Dentistry
  • IRIE Tarou
    Department of Oral Pathology and Diagnosis, Showa University School of Dentistry
  • TACHIKAWA Tetuhiko
    Department of Oral Pathology and Diagnosis, Showa University School of Dentistry
  • MISHIMA Kenji
    Department of Oral Pathology and Diagnosis, Showa University School of Dentistry

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), like many solid tumors, contains a heterogeneous population of cancer cells. Recent data suggest that a rare subpopulation of cancer cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), is capable of initiating, maintaining, and expanding the growth of tumors. Identification and characterization of CSCs from OSCC would facilitate the monitoring, therapy, or prevention of this cancer. CD133 is considered a marker molecule for CSCs; however, its role in OSCC is yet to be determined. In this study, we isolated CD133-positive cells from OSCC cell lines using a magnetic-activated cell sorter (MACS). The differential expression of genes between OSCC/CD133-positive cells and parental cells was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Up-regulated genes (CD133-positive vs. parental cells) included ALDH 1, Keratin15 (Krt15), SOX2, and WNT 1, while the down-regulated genes included Fgfr1 and Pparg. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that expression of Krt15 and SOX2 was localized to cancer cells of OSCC specimens. Their elevated expression levels were detected in poorly differentiated and chemoresistant OSCC. Our results possibly demonstrate that CD133-positive cells, when compared with parental cells, are a more concentrated population of CSCs in OSCC.

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