Epidemiological Studies of Japanese Encephalitis in Shiga Prefecture (1965∼1973)

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  • Furu Yoichi
    Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University

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Other Title
  • 滋賀県下における日本脳炎の疫学的研究(1965～1973年)
  • 滋賀県下における日本脳炎の疫学的研究(1965～1973年)-1-1965年～1973年間の滋賀県下における日本脳炎患者発生と豚の抗日本脳炎ウイルス性抗体(赤血球凝集抑制抗体)の獲得状態ならびにコガタアカイエカ(Culex tritaeniorhynchus)の消長との相関関係
  • シガケンカ ニ オケル ニホン ノウエン ノ エキガクテキ ケンキュウ 196
  • Epidemiological Studies of Japanese Encephalitis in Shiga Prefecture (1965^|^sim;1973)
  • I. Relationship of Human Incidence, Swine Seroepidemiology and Number of Mosquitoes

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Description

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a nonpurulent encephalitis caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)which belongs to the group of Flavivirus of the Togaviridae. JEV, the etiologic agent of this disease, is widely distributed over a large area of Asia, from Siberia to India. Within the area there are two geographically and meteorologically separable regions, each of which has a distinct pattern of virus dissemination. In countries of tropical climates, JEV is presumed to be endemically maintained throughout the year and human infections occur sporadically. In countries of temperate climate including Japan, JE outbreak occurs about the middle of August every year. The scale of the epidemic varies from year to year. Two epidemics of large scale have been recorded in the 1930s and 1940s.<BR>Although data and knowledge have so far been accumulated on the transmission route of JEV for human infection, the ecology of JEV and the mechanism of epidemic outbreaks of JE patients still remains to be solved. Therefore it is not possible, at this time, to predict the future dissemination of the disease. In order to obtain knowledge useful for controlling JE epidemics, epidemiological and ecological studies of JEV transmission were carried out in Shiga Prefecture between 1965 and 1973, and the following results were obtained.<BR>The rate of human incidence was the highest in 1966 and decreased with a few fluctuations. No patient was recorded in 1971. Together with the foregoing data (1955-1964), a typical pattern of human JE epidemic was revealed.1) The main epidemic follows a presubepidemic and is followed by a post-subepidemic.2) The scale of each epidemic is repeated by eight year interval.<BR>Swine infection correlated with the human incidence. In the year when swine infection occurred earlier and antibody titer of swine sera were higher, more human patients were recorded and vice versa.<BR>The number of adult femaleCulex tritaeniorhynchustrapped also correlated with both human incidence and swine infection. That is, the year when many mosquitoes were trapped was a year when many human patients were recorded.

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