Flow Behavior of Oil-in-Water Emulsions

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The flow behavior of oil-in-water emulsions is examined as a function of the volume fraction of dispersed drops, drop size, and viscosity ratio of internal to external phases. The results are interpreted in terms of internal circulation, deformation, and breakup of drops. At low volume fractions, the viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate and becomes constant at high shear rates. The Newtonian viscosity is independent of drop size. The viscosity in the pseudoplastic region increases with decreasing drop size. A change in drop size at constant volume fraction causes a horizontal shift in the viscosity versus shear rate curve. As the viscosity ratio decreases, the relative viscosity at a given volume fraction is reduced because hydrodynamic forces cause internal circulation which reduces the velocity perturbations outside drops. At high volume fractions where a network of thin liquid films is formed, the change in drop size leads to a vertical shift of the viscosity curve. The flow behavior in highly concentrated emulsions is governed by total interfacial area. When the deformation and breakup of drops occur at high shear rates, the emulsions show pseudoplastic flow

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