Blood Osmoregulation and Ultrastructure of the Gas Windows(‘Tympana’)of Intertidal Ocypodid Crabs: Dotilla vs. Scopimera

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  • Matsumasa Masatoshi
    Department of Biology, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iwate Medical University
  • Kikuchi Susumu
    Department of Biology, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iwate Medical University
  • Takeda Satoshi
    Marine Biological Station, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University
  • Poovachiranon Sombat
    Phuket Marine Biological Center, Phuket 83000, Thailand
  • Yong Hoi-Sen
    Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 59100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • Murai Minoru
    Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus

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  • Blood Osmoregulation and Ultrastructure of the Gas Windows(‘Tympana’)of Intertidal Ocypodid Crabs: Dotilla vs. Scopimera

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Abstract: Intertidal ocypodid crabs of the two genera Dotilla and Scopimera have unique membranous windows(‘tympana’)on their legs for aerial gas exchange, and the former also has them on its thoracic sterna. The osmoregulatory capabilities of Dotilla myctiroides and Scopimera pilura in dilute external media were compared, and microstructure of their tympana was examined to clarify whether they have an osmoregulatory function as well as a respiratory one, because respiratory surfaces are probablc sitcs for osmoregulation or of water/ion loss. Although both D. myctiroides and S. pilura were hyperosmoregulators, the former species was much the weaker in this respect. Histological results showed that the tympana have simple, thin respiratory epithelia in both of these species as well as S. proxima, which indicates that the tympana are probably sites of water/ion loss. The thicker cuticle in Scopimera species than in D. myctiroides may be an adaptive characteristic for maintaining blood osmolality in dilute media, and this was confirmed by silver staining, which indicated that the loss of Cl-through tympana was smaller in Scopimera than in Dotilla. However, at the same time, the longer blood/gas diffusion distance due to the thickened cuticle must result in lower efficiency of gas exchange. Hence, a trade-off between respiratory efficiency and water/ion retention is involved in the development of tympana. From this viewpoint, the presence/absence of tympana among species of the subfamily Dotillinae, which includes Dotilla and Scopimera, is reviewed with reference to some taxonomic and phylogenetic considerations.

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  • BENTHOS RESEARCH

    BENTHOS RESEARCH 56 (2), 47-55, 2001

    日本ベントス学会

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