北米の酪農及び酪農政策の展望

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タイトル別名
  • How Will Heavily Protected Dairy Sectors in the U.S. and Canada be Treated in WTO Negotiations?:
  • 北米の酪農及び酪農政策の展望--WTO体制下における比較劣位農業の存立条件
  • ホクベイ ノ ラクノウ オヨビ ラクノウ セイサク ノ テンボウ WTO タイセイ カ ニ オケル ヒカクレツイ ノウギョウ ノ ソンリツ ジョウケン
  • ──WTO体制下における比較劣位農業の存立条件──
  • Lessons for Japanese Agriculture

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Although the United States and Canada will be dairy importers in a perfectly competitive free market, they are now exporters by imposing limited tariff-rate quotas and very high over-quota tariffs and by using two-tier price support policies. Some government officials and researchers in both countries expect that their heavy protective measures for dairy sectors will be maintained because most Western countries, except for New Zealand and Australia, are in the same situation.<br>Therefore, seeking the common reasons for protection between dairy sectors in Western countries and the rice sectors in Japan will be helpful to the protection of Japanese agriculture in WTO negotiations. Furthermore, we should examine why U.S. and Canadian dairy price support policies are almost free from AMS counts in WTO regulations. The two-tier pricing systems are consumer-financed export subsidies that are free from current WTO rules. A new definition of the ESE (Export Subsidy Equivalent) is proposed to regulate the hidden export subsidies.

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