延暦寺の講堂

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タイトル別名
  • 7) THE STUDY ON THE LECTURE HALL OF ENRYAKUJI
  • エンリャクジ ノ コウドウ

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In nara period, the great and main temples and monasteries had clustered in and around the capital on the plain. But at the outset of the ninth century the rise of the new sects of Tendai and shingon, was accompanied by a marked change in the character of newfounded religious establishments, And the introducers of the new sects, in establishing their headquarters instead on the secluded mountain tops of Hieizan and Koyasan, seems to have been motived at least in part by a spirit of ascetic reform. On the Mt. Hiei, the territory occupied by Enryakuji is so irregular that any formal combination at large scale is impossible. And Enryakuji is divided in three part, Toto, Saito and Yokokawa. The lecture hall we mention here is situated in Toto. We survey the evolution of this lecture hall by documents and the excavation on this site. i. The survey by old documents. The documents tell that the lecture hall has been ten times burnt and rebuilt. The first building was founded before the middle of 9C, and its plan type was 5Ken 4men which means that the chancel was 5 bays long, and that there were aisles on four sides. But that building was burnt down in 966 and was rebuilt in 971. Thence the hall was enlarged 7Ken 4Men. Afterward, in 1285 the lecture hall had the attached fore hall indicated by the term Raido, "Hall for worship". This plan-type was followed by the building in the "Kanei period". ii. The survey of the excavation. By the excavation in July-August 1961, we found only three layers of newer foundation. We conjecture that three layers will show that the Building III belongs to Kanei period, Building II to Tenmon period and Building I to Oei period. We have ascertained it by strateography and construction of foundation that the table land and the surface of older basement was perhaps several times cut off by the enlargement of building plan, so trace of the building before Kamakura period is left. The foundation of Kanei period was so carefully and rigidly constructed that it was quite suitable to support the heavy two-storeyed building.

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