Various Forms of Spuare in History

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  • 広場の歴史的諸形態
  • ヒロバ ノ レキシテキ ショ ケイタイ

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Abstract

According to the historical change of the socioeconomic conditions, especially with regard to the relationship between “individual” and “group”, square is classified as follows:<BR>1. Square in primitive community: Group is the only substance in the society, while natural individuals are completely submerged in it. Square exists as the center of the living space of this group which is not yet differentiated.(There appear no definite family-houses. We cannot draw a clear line between dwelling and square.)<BR>2. Square in pre-modern community: Here we can observe the community organization and somewhat independent individuals. Functionally square exists as a medium between group and individual, and as a space which ensures the interrelationships among individuals. There are three forms in this class.<BR>1) ancient oriental form: An individual is an incidental or primitive member of a kinship group which forms a tribe, where his independence is very weak, just coming up. Square serves as a medium between a community and such a young individual, but it still exists as the center of the undifferentiated living space of the community.(We can also see patriarchal large-family-houses separate from square.)<BR>2) classical antique form: An individual is sometimes dependent on and sometimes opposed to the community. The private moment of an individual is realfzed by the medium of the community. Square is created to be a specialized space which greatly influences the public life of the community.(We can see partiarchal smallfamily-houses stand with a distance from square.)<BR>3) Germanic form: The independence of an individual is carried to extremes. The community is regarded as the interrelationships among those strong individuals. Square functions as a space which connects each member with others.(Patriarchal small-family-houses are the substantial economic units, while square deals with the public life, complementing the family life.)<BR>3. Square in modern society: The special limit of the community is dissolved, while each individual is self-generalized. Square functions as a space which ensures the isolated individual a free and casual meeting or an exchange of feelings to console the lonesomeness.

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