From Acute Irritant Contact Dermatitis to Chemical Burn

DOI Web Site 4 Citations 33 References
  • Tokura Yoshiki
    Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
  • Mori Tomoko
    Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health

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Other Title
  • 急性刺激性接触皮膚炎から化学熱傷まで
  • 生涯教育講座 急性刺激性接触皮膚炎から化学熱傷まで
  • ショウガイ キョウイク コウザ キュウセイ シゲキセイ セッショク ヒフエン カラ カガク ネッショウ マデ

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Description

In contrast to allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis is mediated by non-allergic mechanisms, The irritants stimulate keratinocytes to produce cytokines/chemokines and proteases or damage them directly because of their toxic properties. The extremely severe type is termed acute irritant contact dermatitis, which is generally synonymous with chemical burn. Fluoric acid, cement, and kerosene are representatives of chemical burns agents, and hydrogen peroxide is another chemical important in examining the mechanisms of such extremely irritant skin reactions. Chemical burns caused by fluoric acid are the most dangerous of all injuries caused by acids and need special treatment. Skin eruptions caused by cement are divided into three types : mechanical injuries, cement burn caused by its alkaline moiety, and allergic contact dermatitis to 6+Cr. In kerosene dermatitis, kerosene induces epidermal necrosis as well as keratinocyte production of interlekin-8, which may exaggerate skin inflammation. Hydrogen peroxide also damages keratinocytes, but the induction of oxygen bubbles by this chemical characterizes its unique dermatitis.

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