The Learner's Cognition about Each of Observations and Experiments in Junior High School Science Study

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  • 中学校理科における観察 : 実験項目に対する学習者の認識
  • チュウガッコウ リカ ニ オケル カンサツ ジッケン コウモク ニ タイスル ガクシュウシャ ノ ニンシキ

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Abstract

We have argued with regard to the role of observations and experiments in science study in terms of utility, limits, and so on. In general, we recognize the importance of observations and experiments in science study. Until now, we have neglected to examine the learner's actual conditions of cognition in science study, junior high school student's actual conditions, observations and experiments. The objective of this study was to examine the learner's actual conditions in science study. Within this framework, the following facts were established : 1 ) The male students prefer the science study of doing observations and experiment lessons, and worked harder in the study than female students. The female students tended to decide the like or dislike observations and experiments. 2 ) Female students tended to prefer the science study of doing observations. It is evident that the female students like observation and experiment themes and learning units. 3 ) Both male and female students dislike learning the unit of electric current and magnetic field at second year and the unit of ion at third year. 4 ) There are differences between male and female students towards aim and forwardness of doing observations and experiments ; reliability of results about them in science study. For instance, the male students display a greater understanding of, and ability to perform the basic skills of observations and experiments than female students. 5 ) Almost all student appreciates the merit of doing hands-on classes and are concerned with learning contents of observations and experiments. But there is a difference between male student's viewpoints of tendency, and female students' idea of the role of observations and experiments. Female students place importance on learning contents and associate the form of learning with a particular role.

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