A Historical Study on the Developmental Process of the Idea 'Vocational Guidance' : Deciphering Frank Parsons' Choosing a Vocation (1909)

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  • YAMANAKA Chihiro
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS):Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University

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  • Frank Parsonsの'Vocational Guidance'の成立過程に関する考察 : Choosing a Vocation(1909)の解読を通して
  • Frank Parsons ノ Vocational Guidance ノ セイリツ カテイ ニ カンスル コウサツ Choosing a Vocation 1909 ノ カイドク オ トオシテ

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Abstract

This paper overviews the development of 'vocational guidance', which is recognised as an origin of the term 'career education', which has appeared recently in the educational field to characterize a stronger vocational attitude or view among Japanese students from primary to tertiary education. In science education, career education has also gained much attention as fostering a vocational attitude/view which considers scientific careers with a much wider perspective than just becoming scientists who only carry out their profession in order to achieve remarkable outcomes. Past studies on vocational/career guidance have mentioned the origin of the term in reference to Frank Parsons and his book Choosing a Vocation; however, they have not focused on the process and situation in which the term developed. As such clarification contributes to a reconsideration of the current term 'career education,' the present study attempts to reveal the development of 'vocational guidance' by deciphering this book and related materials. The result shows that 'vocational guidance' was used in establishing the Vocational Bureau in Boston in the early twentieth century as a label that symbolizes or realizes Parsons' ideal of educational activities based on mutualism, i.e. young people with a suitable job bring about individual happiness and a cooperative society, which has implicational for today's society.

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