Productive Structure of Grassland-Type Dairy Farming

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  • 草地型酪農経営の生産構造
  • ソウチガタ ラクノウ ケイエイ ノ セイサン コウゾウ

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This research was conducted to elucidate the managerial characteristics of a typical grassland-type dairy farming now being operated in Hokkaido. Subjects for the study were chosen from all over Hokkaido by subjecting them to linear discriminant function analysis using six indices of managerial characteristics. These subjects were classified into two types, the grassland-type dairy farming and the upland-type dairy farming, according to their land use systems, and their production structure was compared. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The grassland-type dairy farming showed the following characteristics in comparison with the upland-type dairy farming: more extensive because of samller land productivity indices such as the number of dairy cattle, milk quantity, production of self-supplied feed, dairy profit, and agricultural income, each per unit area of land; greater in labor efficiency owing to higher productivity indices such as acreage for self-supplied feed production, the number of milk cattle, and milk amount, each per labor-power ; and greater in profitability on account of higher milk cattle productivity indices such as agricultural income per mature cattle. (2) Concerning the production efficiency of self-supplied feed, the grassland-type dairy farming showed the following characteristics, the feed production cost decreased as feed production per ha increased, and tended to be lower than that of the upland-type dairy farming. (3) The milk production cost for the grassland-type dairy farming was lower than that for the upland-type dairy farming. The milk production cost for the grassland-type decreased as the milk amount per head increased, the rate of decrease being higher than that for the upland-type. The percentage of self-supplied feed cost. was higher than that for the upland-type, and decreased as milk quantity per head increased. (4) The profitability of these two types of dairy farming was compared using average marginal productivity. In the grassland-type dairy farming, the amount of increase in dairy profit by additional input of acreage for feed production was less than one half that for the upland-type dairy farming. Although this indicates that even the grassland-type requires considerable increase in feeding of concentrate to augment profits, it is more important to establish a grassland-type dairy farming which enables low-cost milk production based on a high level of productivity of good quality roughage.

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