Yield, Feeding Value and Chemical Composition of Soil in a Rotation Cropping System of Maize : Barley as Influenced by Barnyard Manure and Chemical Fertilizer

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  • 堆厩肥と化学肥料がトウモロコシ-オオムギ輪作体系における収量, 飼料価値および土壌に及ぼす影響

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Abstract

Forage maize and two-rowed barley were cultivated by a rotation system continued for 9 successive years in the four plots to which barnyard manure (BM), chemical fertilizer of N, P_2O_5 and K2_O (CF), both BM and CF (BMCF) or neither BM nor CF (NO) was applied. The yearly changes in the yields of both crops were analyzed based on the moving average and yearly deviation from the average. Dry matter yield and harvest index of forage maize were stable and high in BM and BMCF, but those in CF and NO gradually decreased year by year. The yearly dry matter yield of two-rowed barley was stable and high in BMCF, while dry matter yield and harvest index (ratio of economic yield to biological yield) in CF decreased yearly and varied widely with the year. Disease was frequently observed in both crops from the 3rd year in CF but not in BM and BMCF. Total nitrogen and carbon in soil were clearly high at the 2nd and 5th year, respectively, than other years in BM and BMCF, but were constant in NO and CF. The value of K/(Ca+Mg) highly correlated with the occurrence of grass tetany was as high as 3-4 in forage maize at the 6th year in CF and BMCF. Crop rotation of forage maize and two-rowed barley in the field only with chemical fertilizer application became difficult within 3 years, and the improvement of mineral balance and soil physical property by applying barnyard manure or inorganic soil amendments became necessary. Chemical fertilizer (N, P, K) application together with barnyard manure application of 11 kgm^<-2>y^<-1> affected mineral composition of feedstuff.

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