Effect of Dissemination of Seeds along with Cattle Dung on the Propagation of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). : 2. Seasonal changes in the recovery and viability of seeds in cattle dung on the pasture and the invasion to the sloping Sasa-type pasture with the seeds embedded in cattle dung.

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  • ケンタッキーブルーグラス(Poa pratensis L.)の種子繁殖と放牧家畜の排糞による種子散布 : 2.糞により散布されたケンタッキーブルーグラス種子の発芽率の季節的な変化および糞中種子によるササ型草地への侵入
  • ケンタッキー ブルーグラス Poa pratensis L ノ シュシ ハンショク ト ホウボク カチク ノ ハイフン ニ ヨル シュシ サンプ 2 フン ニ ヨリ サンプ サレタ ケンタッキー ブルーグラス シュシ ノ ハツガリツ ノ キセツテキ ナ ヘンカ オヨビ フン チュウ シュシ ニ ヨル ササガタ ソウチ エ ノ シンニュウ

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Abstract

In this report, the results of observation were presented on the seasonal recovery and viability of seeds of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) in cattle dung on the pasture which is dominated by Kentucky bluegrass at the Alpine Region of the National Grassland Research Institute with about 1,200 m altitude in central Japan. In addition, the results of observation of the invasion pattern of Kentucky bluegrass to the sloping Sasa-type pasture with the seeds embedded in cattle dung at Sugadaira at situated an altitude of about 1,600 m in central Japan are reported. In the experimental pasture at the alpine region of the National Grassland Research Institute, the initiation of flowering and seed setting of Kentucky bluegrass were respectively observed in the middle and the end of June. The first recovery of the seeds in cattle dung was observed in the beginning of July. But the germination percentage of seeds recovered was only 12%. The maximum recovery occurred in the middle of July, when the germination percentage of the seeds reached 56%. Thereafter, the recovery decreased rapidly and it was finished in the middle of August. Based on these results, it was concluded that dissemination of seeds along with cattle dung was possiblefrom four weeks to eight weeks after the initiation of flowering. Vegetation of the experimental paddock at Sugadaira could be broadly divided into Zoysia and Sasa types. Major species that invaded from Zoysia-type to Sasa-type pasture through the seeds in cattle dung were Kentucky bluegrass, Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), timothy (Phlem pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). The number of seeds of Japanese lawngrass was maximum in the dung pats on pasture, however, Kentucky bluegrass was the highest in frequency and coverage in a Sasa plot set up in a Sasa-type pasture. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between the coverage of invading plants and the coverage of dung pats, except for Japanese lawngrass. The coverage of dung pats was decreased with increasing the angle of pasture. The results revealed that invasion extent through the seeds in cattle dung was regulated by not only the number of seeds included in the dung pats but also the survival ability of invasion plants in existing colony.

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