Relative Drought Sensitivity of Tropical Pasture Legumes

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  • KITAMURA Yukio
    Okinawa Branch, Tropical Agriculture Research Center
  • ABE Jiro
    Okinawa Branch, Tropical Agriculture Research Center

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  • 数種暖地型マメ科牧草における耐干性の比較
  • スウシュ ダンチガタ マメカ ボクソウ ニ オケル タイカンセイ ノ ヒカク

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For evaluating relative drought sensitivity of seven tropical pasture legumes ; Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro, Stylosanthes humilis cv. Townsville, S. guianensis cv. Schofield, Desmodium intortum cv. Greenleaf, D. uncinatum cv. Silverleaf, Nenotonia wightii, cv. Tinaroo, and Centrocema pubescence, plant DM weight, leaf area, leaf water potential, transpiration rate, and diffusion resistance were compared with the plants grown in the irrigated field and in the dry field. Ratios of the plant top weight decreased with decreasing soil water levels in all legumes, however, leaf area per plant top weight increased in Greenleaf and Silverleaf whereas decreased in the other legumes, suggesting greater potential of the latter legumes in the water-up-take in drier fields. Greater plant root weight were recorded in Centro and Siratro. Ratios of plant root weight increased in Schofield and Townsville in addition to the above two legumes, but decreased in the three other legumes, suggesting greater potential of the former legumes grown in drier fields. Differences in leaf water potential of the legumes grown in the irrigated field and in the dry field were of decreasing order of (1) Schofield, Townsville and Siratro, (2) Centro, Greenleaf and Silverleaf and (3) Tinaroo suggesting relative drought tolerance in this order. Greater diffusion resistance and lesser transpiration rates were observed in Tinaroo, Silverleaf and Greenleaf grown in the dry field. The above results suggest that the legumes such as Siratro, Townsville, Schofield and Centro have greater drought tolerance derived from greater ability of extending root systems and of decreasing either plant top weight or leaf area per plant under limited soil water conditions.

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