Reexamination of the Formation of the 1879 Educational Code

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  • 教育令制定過程の再検討
  • キョウイクレイ セイテイ カテイ ノ サイケントウ

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This paper examines the formation of the 1879 Educational Code. Previous studies focusing on this issue were hampered by the limited number of historical materials available. This study analyzes part of the process, based on documents uncovered by the author, such as: archives of the Legislation Bureau, letters of its officials, etc. The results are as follows: 1) While the 1872 Educational Code included a variety of regulations, the 1879 Educational Code was the educational "law" that put in place a system of classifying official documents that was established by the Legislation Bureau in 1877. This included public matters relating to both government officials and the population. 2) In relation to the management of elementary schools, while the Ministry of Education regarded it as important that local officials encourage the population to participate, the Legislation Bureau considered the issue a matter of community autonomy, based on the spirit of the Three New Laws of 1878, making it difficult to encourage prefectural official involvement. 3) Genro-in did not intend to establish local autonomy in elementary education management, but due to differing interpretations of the law, they avoided detailing prefectural officials' authority in the matter. In practice, prefectural officials' authority was limited because the population understood that the 1879 Educational Code recognized locally autonomous management of elementary schools.

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