「遊楽部学校」の歴史 : 1880〜90年代のアイヌ学校に関する実態分析のこころみ

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  • A History of Yūrappu School : A Consideration of the Educational Policy for Ainu Peoples and Ainu Schools in the 1880-1890's
  • ユウラップ ガッコウ ノ レキシ 1880 90ネンダイ ノ アイヌ ガッコウ ニ カンスル ジッタイ ブンセキ ノ ココロミ

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This paper analyzes the history of Yurappu School in southern Hokkaido, one of the initial elementary schools for Ainu children by focusing on government enrollment drives and correspondence with local Ainu, as well as government attitudes regarding the maintenance and administration of the school. The summary of this paper is as follows : 1 In the Edo period, Yurappu was located on the frontier between the land of Ezo (Ainu) and the land of Wajin (Japanese). The Ainu community of Yurappu was established through the their forced migration instigated by Matsumae domain and the Tokugawa shogunate. The Ainu of Yurappu had a great deal of interaction with Wajin from the Edo period ; therefore, many were able to understand Japanese more than Ainu living in any other region of Hokkaido. Because of these historical factors, Hakodate Prefecture expected that a school in Yurappu would enroll a large number of Ainu children. 2 After the opening of the school, the prefecture studied the number and location of Ainu children versus enrollment. It was discovered that local Ainu leaders, called Yakudojin played an important part in enrollment efforts. While there was tension between Ainu society and Yurappu school, some Ainu voluntarily visited the school, voluntarily sought an education at the school. 3 Hakodate Prefecture (in 1886, the Hokkaido government) and the neighboring Japanese village of Yakumo faced many problems maintaining and managing Yurappu school. Despite the fact that Yurappu's population was not sufficient to support a school, Yakumo village as well as the prefecture left Yurappu school in operation. Because of this, it was difficult to keep Yurappu school running at times. Hokkaido government subsidized the school, but it was only a temporary measure. In 1898, the Ainu Yurappu school was integrated into the Japanese Yakumo school. 4 The education of Yurappu's Ainu children was at the mercy of the government. Past research concluded that education did not spread among the Ainu population because Ainu did not understand the meaning of education. However, it was the government that neglected the education of Ainu. The acquisition of education among Ainu was largely accomplished through their own efforts.

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