古典期アテナイのドキマシア(資格審査)について : その機能と民主政

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  • Dokimasia (Scrutiny) in Athens. The Purpose and its Significance for Democracy
  • コテンキ アテナイ ノ ドキマシア シカク シンサ ニ ツイテ ソノ キノウ

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There are two primary arguments concerning the purpose of dokimasia in the fifth and fourth century B. C Athens. Dokimasia was the process that all officials underwent before assumption of office. These officials were scrutinized by a jury to determine whether they were to be elected or chosen by lot In one argument, J W Headlam in 1891 asserted that the dokimasia was an institution to review only the official's legal qualification both as a citizen and for office. The second argument by G Adeleye refutes the above by stating that the dokimasia was primarily concerned with the candidate's loyalty to democracy and moral probity and not just a simple review of his legal qualifications. This paper attempts to determine which of the following was the actual process of dokimasia (1) was the moral probity of life taken into consideration during the dokimasia apart from a legal review? or (2) was loyalty for democracy considered along with the candidate's legal qualifications? On the first point, the candidates could not be eliminated from office just because of his immorality, since in classical Athens immoral deeds lead to atimia, i e, the loss of legal status of a citizen, which automatically eliminated him from office It seems evident that after the events of the Thirty (403 B C.) critical examination of the candidate's loyalty to democracy was necessary in addition to a review of his legal qualifications to protect democracy It can be concluded thatthe dokimasia succeeded in weeding out unqualified candidates through the examination of both moral and legal qualifications and therefore provided officials that were loyal to democracy

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