ノストイ(帰還)の文学としてのピロストラトス『ヘーローイコス』

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タイトル別名
  • Philostratus' Heroicus as Nostoi-literature
  • ノストイ キカン ノ ブンガク ト シテ ノ ピロストラトス ヘーローイコス

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抄録

In the Heroicus two salient features are discourse on heroes and criticism of Homeric poetry. Scholars tend to interpretation in which one element is preferred to the other. Here another sort of reading is proposed to find nostoi as the overarching theme so as to locate it in the tradition of Nostoiliterature. In this reading we will bear in mind that the basic concept of nostos (from ^*nes-) is 'saving', that it can be used in an extended range of meanings, mythical, literary, philosophical, religious or mystical. The Phoenician, who is kept near the precinct of Protesilaus by bad weather, is compared to Odysseus in the Odyssey. The nostos-accounts concerning him in the epic are mostly denied here: for example, the mild death promised him in the Odyssey is substituted by a tragic one. Moreover, his nostos is denied also from the viewpoint of the afterlife. Contrary to Palamedes, Protesilaus and others, who enjoy blissful lives as heroes, Odysseus would sink into the feeble state of the mass ghosts. In contrast the Phoenician would sail off happily, with the valuable freight of true knowledge. Odysseus is also contrasted with the other main heroes in the work from the viewpoint of nostos. Protesilaus has returned by resurrection to Phthia so as to meet Laodamia again. Elaius with the vine-yard is another home for Protesilaus, where he plays a variety of sports, enjoys some seasonable offerings from the vine-grower, and so on. The 'saving' of Protesilaus, who is neglected by Homer, is achieved through the vindication of his fame as a valiant warrior, too. He is depicted also as giver of the happy return. Achilles' transportation to Leuce after his death as related in the Aethiopis would have been a sort of nostos-tale; in the Heroicus this connotation is made clearer by the imagery of 'home' in the depictions concerning the environment and the life of Achilles with his wife Helen. The story of the hero fending off the Amazons, who had attacked his hestia, is another element of the imagery. Achilles' eternal life through fame, which he himself says is dependent on Homer's poetry, owes a part in reality to the depictions here, for his life in Leuce is a non-Homeric story.

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