The Actual Conditions and Characteristics of the Tempo Crisis in the Economically Advanced Area : A Case Study of the Kishu Domain

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  • 経済的先進地における天保クライシスの実態と特質 : 紀州藩領を事例として
  • ケイザイテキ センシンチ ニ オケル テンポウ クライシス ノ ジッタイ ト トクシツ : キシュウハンリョウ オ ジレイ ト シテ

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This paper aims to show the actual conditions and the factors of the Tempo crisis in the economically advanced area, by a case study of the Kishu Domain. The Tempo crisis is a great number of deaths, so-called mortality crisis occurred in the Tempo famine. There are many researches analyzed the Tempo crisis in East Japan, but the remarkable research analyzed it in West Japan has been stressed as the economically advanced area is the only one investigated it in the Setouchi region of the Hiroshima Domain. This paper analyzed the Tempo crisis in the Koino village and the surrounding villages in the upper Kinokawa river basin, the conclusion is as follows. In this area, the Tempo crisis occurred over two years of 8-9th year of Tempo. The two peaks of deaths were formed in the summer of 8th year of Tempo and the winter of 8-9th year of Tempo, and the mortality risk of adults, especially males was heavy. The main factor of the first peak of deaths was the starvation caused by the lack of food. The lack of food was caused by the export of large amounts of food to the outside of the Kishu Domain (koshimai), and it can be said to be the artificial lack of food. The main factor of the second peak of deaths was the death from the plague. When the nutritional status of people in the area deteriorated because of the jump in food price, the plague was epidemic and not only the poor peasants but also the rich peasants were suffering from the plague. So the number of deaths increased. Comparing this conclusion with the research analyzed the Tempo crisis in the Setouchi region, I emphasize that the characteristics of the Tempo crisis in the Kishu Domain was that it occurred over two years and the two peaks of deaths were formed.

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